Cobalt Combined with Potassium Humate as Beneficial Applications in Alleviating Water Stress Impacts on Groundnut During Sensitive Growth Stages

Abstract Enhancing plant nutrition during critical periods of water stress is a paramount objective. As such, this study aims to examine the effects that arise from implementing regimes sensitive growth phases groundnut. Furthermore, we will explore impact applying cobalt and potassium humate individually or in combination, either through foliar application (KH-F) soil amendments (KH-S), mitigate adverse on nutrient accumulation, yield, irrigation use efficiency (Iwue). A field experiment was conducted between 2021 2022 using split-split plot design. In main plots, an additional control full requirement scheme (IR100) implemented, along with three other schemes: first involved 75% development stage (IRD75), second applied flowering till pod (IRF75), third 85% (IR85). subplots, at rates 0 7.5 mg l −1 plants. The sub-sub plots were further divided investigate KH-F KH-S. Plants experienced found be more vulnerable. However, when treated KH-S, there significant improvements yield compared treatment. This effect particularly pronounced under IRF75 scheme. Interestingly, antagonistic relationship observed iron manganese, contrast nutrients. When KH-S combination cobalt, it showed potential enhance various characteristics increase uptake manganese. highest Iwue achieved combined adopting IR85%